Recessions typically are defined by several months of declining economic activity, according to the Business Cycle Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), a non-profit, non-partisan research organization.
However, "The unprecedented magnitude of the decline in employment and production, and its broad reach across the entire economy, warrants the designation of this episode as a recession," the committee said.
Government data show the US economy contracted by 4.8 percent in the first quarter, even though most of the nationwide lockdowns did not occur until the final two weeks of the period.
That ended the longest US expansion since 1854, NBER said, and this downturn had different characteristics than prior slowdowns.
A recession is defined by "a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, normally visible in production, employment, and other indicators," but the committee also "weighs the depth of the contraction, its duration and whether economic activity declined broadly across the economy."